v (1)擦，削，刮(move (a rough or sharp object) across (a surface)，esp to smooth or clean)[T+n，T+n+adv(down/out/off)，C+n+adj]：～potatoes/carrots 削土豆/胡萝卜皮;～the wall clean/the runway clear of snow 把墙擦干净/把跑道上的雪清除掉;～the wire/sb's muddy shoes with a knife 用刀子把电线皮剥掉/某人的泥鞋刮干净;～the floor/the door (down)把地板/门(上的漆)擦干净(掉);～out the jam jar/the bowl of sb's pipe/a sticky pan 把果酱罐/某人的烟斗/黏黏糊糊的锅刮干净;

(2)擦掉，刮去(remove (a layer) by rubbing)[T+n+prep(from/off)，T+n+adv(away/off)]：～the rust/the old paint/the mud off (a nail)刮掉(钉子上的)锈/旧油漆/泥;～icing from the plate 把盘子上的糖霜刮掉;～the paint from the door 把门上的油漆刮掉;〖同〗 clean，smooth;

(3)擦伤，刮坏(injure or damage the skin or surface of sth by rubbing against sth rough or sharp)[T+n，T+n+prep (against/on/along)，T+n+prep (from/off)，T+n+adv (away/off)]：～one's elbow/one's knee/one's hand (on the rock)(在石头上)擦伤自己的肘部/膝盖/手;～the side of the car along/against the wall 擦墙而过/蹭着墙时，汽车刮坏了侧面;～the skin off (from one's knee)/the paint off (from the car)蹭掉(自己膝盖上的)皮/(汽车上的)漆皮;〖同〗skin;

(4)擦(蹭，刮)(某物)(move along sth while just touching it)[I+prep (against/along/on)，T+n+prep (against/along/on)]：The branches of a falling tree～d against our windows. 一棵倒下的大树树枝擦过我们的窗户。The ship～d against the buoy. 那艘船擦过浮标。 The broken tail pipe～d along the ground. 坏了的排气管与地面发生刮蹭。A boat～d along the landing stage. 一艘船与浮码头发生了刮蹭。His chair/spoon/chalk～d (on the floor). 他的椅子/勺/粉笔(在地板上)蹭来蹭去(刮来刮去)。 The steamer's keel～d a rock in the river. 轮船的龙骨碰到河里的一块石头。Stop～ing your feet on the floor. 别把脚在地板上蹭。〖同〗 scratch，grind;

(5)挖(成)(make (a hole，etc) by scraping)[T+n，T+n+adv (out)]：～a hole (out) in the sand/the soil 在沙子/土地上挖(成)一个洞;

scrape a living 勉强糊口：He～d a living by selling a few of his paintings. 他靠卖画勉强糊口。

scrape along/by (on)(v adv (prep))勉强维持生活(vi)(infml)：Those old people have to～along/by (on pension). 那些老人们只能(靠养老金)勉强维持生活。

scrape (up) an acquaintance with... 设法接近以结识某人(infml)：I managed to～up an acquaintance with some of the single passengers. 我设法和一些单身旅客接近，慢慢地便熟悉了。

scrape in/into (v adv/prep)勉强得到，挤进(vt)：How on earth did he～in/into the Foreign Service? 他究竟是怎样挤进来的/挤进外交部的?

scrape (the bottom of) the barrel 好歹凑合(infml)：The garage owner had to～the bottom of the barrel to get a mechanic to work for him. 汽车修理厂的厂主只好勉强雇用了一个修理工。

scrape through (v prep)勉强及格(通过)(vt)：I just～d through my examination last term. 上学期我的考试勉强及格。

scrape up/together (v adv)设法凑集，积攒(vt)：～up enough money for a trip/to buy a bicycle 凑足钱去旅游/买自行车;～a team together/together a few pounds 凑一个队/积攒几英镑;

→′scraper n 刮刀，刮削器;′scraping n 被刮下的碎屑;

n(1)刮擦(声)(act or sound of scraping)[C，sing]：the～of sb's pen on paper/from the bow of a violin 某人的笔尖在纸上发出的沙沙声/弓在小提琴上拉出的声音;push the chair with a loud～推椅子发出很大的刺耳声;the～of the shovel against rock 铁铲在岩石上蹭来蹭去(发出的声音);

(2)擦伤(痕)(mark or slight wound made by scraping)[C]：get a bad～on one's arm/one's elbow/one's knee 使自己的胳膊/肘部/膝盖严重擦伤;a～on the wall 墙上的一道划痕;〖同〗 mark，score;

(3)(窘)困境(embarrassing or difficult situation)[C](infml)：lead/get sb into～s 导致/使某人陷入困境;get sb out of～使某人摆脱困境;〖同〗 difficulty，tough spot