v (1)磨蹭，擦，搓揉(move(sth)against the surface of sth else with a certain amount of pressure)[I，T+n，T+n+prep(with)，T+n+adv]：Keep～bing until the ink stain comes off. 一直搓，直到墨渍掉了。～one's eyes/one's leg/one's chin/the silverware 揉眼/揉腿/搓下巴/擦银器;～a pot with ash/oneself with a towel/one's aching legs with liniment 用灰擦壶/毛巾搓身/药膏揉搓疼痛的双腿;～a window pane with a cloth (a cloth against a window pane) 用布擦窗玻璃;The horse～bed its head against my shoulder. 那匹马的头在我肩上来回蹭。～one's palm across one's forehead 用手掌来回擦前额;～one's hands together 搓手;〖同〗stroke，brush，touch;

(2)(用手)搽(摸，涂)(move one's hands，etc to apply (a substance) to a surface by rubbing)[T+n+prep，T+n+adv]：～salve/ointment on the (inflamed) skin/one's arm 把药膏/油膏涂在(发炎的)皮肤上/自己的胳膊上;～polish on the floor 把上光剂涂在地板上;〖同〗apply，spread;

(3)把……磨擦得(bring into a certain condition by rubbing)[C+n+adj，T+n+prep(with)]：～the silverware/the enamel parts/the surface gleaming/clean/dry/smooth(with a cloth)(用一块布)把银器/搪瓷部分/表面擦亮/擦干净/擦干/磨光滑;〖同〗clean，wipe，polish，smooth;

(4)磨擦(损，破，痛)(slide with pressure，sometimes causing pain or damage)[I，I+prep(on/against/in)，T+n]：New shoes sometimes damage the skin by～bing. 新鞋有时磨脚，皮肤都能磨破。The heels of my shoes are～bing. 我的鞋后跟磨脚。His knee is～bing on the ground. 他的膝盖在地上磨破了。His shoes are～bing (against his heel). 他的鞋磨脚(跟)。The door～s on the floor. 门蹭着地了。The wheel must be～bing on/against mud guard. 这只车轮肯定蹭着挡泥板了。～a bald patch in one's trousers 裤子上磨出一片白;

rub shoulders with sb 与某人有来往：As a reporter，he always～s shoulders with royals. 作为记者，他与皇室成员有来往。

rub sb up the wrong way 激怒某人(infml)：Sometimes his son～s him up the wrong way. 有时候他儿子使他很生气。

rub sth off sth 擦(磨、蹭)掉：The teacher～bed the problem off the blackboard. 老师把黑板上的题擦掉了。

rub along (v adv) 1)勉强对付(vi)(infml)：How are you getting on nowadays? —Oh，just～bing along. 你如今过得怎样?——噢，勉勉强强吧。2)相处得还可以(vi)(infml)：I～along all right with my relations. 我和亲戚们相处得还可以。

rub down (v adv)磨光，擦干(vt & vi)：He～bed down the old bed before putting on a coat of emulsion. 在上乳胶前，他把那张旧床磨光。R～yourself down properly after you swim. 游泳后把全身好好擦干。

rub in/into (v adv/prep)通过揉搓使渗透进去(vt)：R～some of this cream into your skin to protect it from the sun. 把乳霜揉进皮肤里，以防皮肤晒伤。

rub it in (v adv)反复地说(vt)：There is no need to～it in that we lost by three goals. 没必要反复地说我们输了三个球。

rub off (v adv)擦(磨，蹭)掉(vt)(infml)：The servant～bed off the finger mark from the cup. 那个仆人把杯子上的手印擦掉了。

rub out (v adv)擦掉污渍(vt & vi)：The ink～s out easily. 这种墨渍很容易擦掉。He～bed out the marks/what he had written.他擦掉那些痕迹/他所写的东西。

rub up (v adv) 1)擦亮(vt)：I'm going to～up the chromium on my car. 我要把我汽车上的铬擦亮。2)复习(vt)：I must～up my Latin for the exam. 我必须复习一下拉丁语，准备考试。

rub up against (v adv prep)偶然碰到(vt)(infml)：You will occasionally～up against most interesting people in unlikely places. 你偶然会在一些意想不到的地方遇到很有意思的人.

→′rubbing n 摹拓本;

n (1)擦，揉(act of rubbing)[C，a～]：give the teapot/the silver/the bruise a(good)～(with a cloth/this cream)(用布/这乳膏)(好好地)擦一擦这把茶壶/这件银器/青肿的地方;The masseur gave me a back～. 按摩师给我做了背部按摩。〖同〗stroke，rubbing，rubdown;

(2)困难(difficulty;catch)[U，the～](旧用法)：The～came when both boys wanted to sit with the driver. 问题来了，两个男孩都想和司机坐在一起。The plan is good，but how to make it succeed — there is (there in lies) the～. 这个计划很好，但怎样实现——这是困难所在。〖同〗problem，trouble，difficulty