vt 责备，自责(criticize sb or oneself，usually in a polite or gently way，saying that he has done sth wrong or harmful)[T+n，T+n+prep (for/with)]：There is no need to～yourself. 你没必要责备自己。Every phrase in her letter～ed him. 她信里的每句话都在责备他。～sb for being lazy/spending too much 责备某人懒惰/花钱太多;～sb for carelessness/complacency责备某人太粗心/自满;～sb with laziness/extravagance 责备某人懒惰/铺张浪费;I have nothing to～myself with. 我没有什么可自责的。〖同〗blame，criticize;〖反〗praise;

n (1)责备(的话)(act of reproaching;words expressing blame)[U，C]：look/term/words/sigh of～责备的表情/言语/话/叹息;try to escape～企图逃避指责;bear/feel/see a mute (keen)～in sb's eyes/gaze 忍受/感到/看出某人目光中/凝视中无声(严厉)的责备;a stern～from the teacher 老师的严厉责备;heap/cast～es on/upon sb 狠狠地斥责某人;〖同〗blame，criticism;〖反〗praise;

(2)耻辱，带来耻辱的人或东西(sth that cause shame to)[U，a～][N(to)](fml)：bring～upon oneself 使自己蒙羞;The dirty condition of the dormitory is a～to all who live in it. 宿舍里肮脏的状态是所有居住在这里的人的耻辱。 The slums are/Poverty is a～to our society. 贫民窟/贫穷是我们社会的耻辱。〖同〗shame;〖反〗honour，credit;

above/beyond reproach 无可挑剔(指责)：His behaviour throughout has been above/beyond～. 他的行为一直都是无可挑剔的。

→ re′proachful adj 责备的;re′proachfully adv 责备地;

【辨异】reproach与scold都表示“申斥，责备(某人)”。reproach 表示挑剔、羞辱人的态度，常常是对私事或义务等进行指责，如：reproach a person for neglect(责备一个人的疏忽);scold(责骂)表示严厉地、漫骂性地、有时是不公正的指责，如：scold a boy for jaywalking(因一个男孩儿乱穿马路而责骂他)。