(1)给予;交换为(give or provide(aid，service，etc);give sth in return or exchange)[T+n，T+n+prep(for)，D+n+n，D+n+prep(to)](fml)：～a large sum in back taxes 偿还一大笔拖欠的税款;～an apology 表示道歉;～blow for blow/good for evil 以牙还牙/以德报怨;～sb help/a service 为某人帮忙/服务;～homage/obedience/allegiance(to sb) (向某人)表示效忠/服从/忠诚;～thanks (to God)(对上帝)表示感谢;～service/assistance/aid/support (to the needy and indigent)(为穷人和贫困者)提供服务/帮助/援助/支持;～tribute to the conqueror 向征服者进贡;The court～ed the property back to the original owner. 法庭把财产判给了它原来的主人。〖同〗put back，provide;〖反〗refuse，retain;

(2)提(开)出(账目等)(present or submit(account，etc) for payment)[T+n](fml)：～an account/a bill 报账/开账单;～sb's account up to Christmas 把某人到圣诞节为止的赊购账列出来;an account to～for ￡300 一张要付300英镑的赊购账单;an account～ed $100 开出100美元的账单;～an account of all the money spent/sb's expenditure 对所有花掉的钱/某人的支出作出说明;〖同〗submit;

(3)使变为(cause to become)[C+n+adj](fml)：Climbing～ed me giddy. 攀登使我头晕。 His remark～ed me speechless. 他的话使我哑口无言。～a contract invalid 使合同失效;He was～ed healthy again by the long recuperation. 长期疗养使他恢复了健康。The machine was～ed useless by unskillful handling. 不熟练的操作使那台机器报废了。〖同〗make;

(4)演出(奏);(用文字、绘画)表现(perform(a musical composition，dramatic work，etc);represent in word or in art)[T+n，尤pass](fml)：～the landscapes in detail/with great skill and artistry 详细地/以高度的技艺和艺术技巧画风景;Othello/The piano solo/The song was～ed rather poorly (very well/beautifully). 《奥赛罗》一剧的演出/钢琴独奏表演/那首歌演唱得相当糟(很好/美妙绝伦)。〖同〗do，perform，play;

(5)翻译，表达(translate)[T+n，T+n+prep (into)](fml)：～poetry 翻译诗歌;The foreign ambassador's speech was～ed by an interpreter. 一位翻译将那位外国大使的讲话翻译过来。～the passage(from Homer/French) into English 把(荷马史诗/法语的)这一段译成英语;～a Latin text into German 将一拉丁文文本译成德文;〖同〗translate，interpret;

(6)墙上抹底灰(cover the surface (brickwork，etc) with a first coat of plaster)[T+n](fml)：～walls 抹墙;

(7)交出，放弃(hand over or give up;yield)[I+adv(up)](fml)：～up a fort/a city(to the enemy/insurgents) 放弃要塞/城市(把它交给敌人/暴动者);～up one's soul to God(fig) 把自己的灵魂交给上帝(死了);

render down (v adv)炼(油)(vt)：The whale blubber is～ed down to make oil. 鲸脂被熔化制成鱼油。

→′rendering n 演出;译文;底灰