n (1)拉，拔，扯，拽 (act of pulling) [C][N(at/on)]： The chain needed a strong～. 链子需要使劲拉住。give a～at sb's shirt 拉一下某人的衬衣;give a dog's leash a～拉一下牵狗的皮带;keep up a steady～on sth 拉住某物;feel a～at one's sleeve 感到衣袖被拉了一下;
 (2)吸引力(force that attracts or draws) [U， the～]： magnetic～磁吸力;the moon's～on the sea 月球对海洋的吸引力;The～of the moon causes the tides. 月球的吸引力造成了潮汐。He couldn't resist the～of her charm. 他抵御不了她魅力的吸引。the～of the mountains/the sea/the wandering life (fig) 山/大海/流浪生活的吸引力;〖同〗attraction，influence，appeal;
 (3)影响，(偏向)某人的有利条件 (special influence; (unfair) personal advantage) [U](infml)： He has a lot of～in that town. 他在那个镇上有很大的影响。have strong/a great deal of～with sb 对某人颇有影响力;get the job through～通过门路找到那份工作;without any～or family backing 既无任何门路又无家庭背景;the old families， with all the～of their name and possessions 因名声和财产而得天独厚的古老世家;
 (4) 1)吸(一口烟，烟斗等) (act of drawing in tobacco smoke from a cigarette， pipe， etc) [C][N(at)]： take a long～at one's cigarette/one's pipe 深深地吸了一口烟/抽了一口烟斗; 2)(尤指从瓶中)喝(一口酒) (act of drinking， esp from a bottle) [C][N(at)]： He took a～at his beer/a bottle. 他喝了一口啤酒/他从瓶中喝了一口酒。take a～of milk from the can on the window 从窗台上的牛奶罐里猛喝一口牛奶;
 (5)费力的前进(攀登，划船等) (prolonged effort， eg in walking， climbing， rowing， etc) [U， a～]： a steady～to reach camp by night 奋力前进以便傍晚到达营地;It was a long～to the top of the hill/the shore. 爬上山顶/划到岸边是漫长而费力的事。
 (6)拉(把)手 (handle for pulling sth or causing sth to act by pulling) [C](尤用于合成词)： a bell-～拉铃的把手;a beer～啤酒桶上用于抽出啤酒的把手;
 (7)校(草)样 (test copy of sth printed but not yet examined for correctness; proof) [C];
 v (1)1)拉，拽，扯，抽 (use force on sth to move it towards oneslf) [I]：～as hard as one could 尽力地拉;You～and I'll push. 你拉我推。Stop～ing! You're hurting my arm!别拽了!你把我的胳膊弄疼了!She～ed on the reins to slow the horse up. 她拉紧缰绳使马慢下来。～at sb's sleeve/sb's coat拉某人的袖子/衣服;〖同〗drag， draw; 〖反〗push; 2)拉(拽，扯，抽) (某物) (use force on sth; cause sth to move in a specified direction by using force) [T+n， T+n+prep， T+n+adv， C+n+adj]：～sb's hair/sb's ears/sb's sleeve (～sb by the hair/ears/sleeve) 扯某人的头发/耳朵/袖子;close the window and～the blind/the curtains 关上窗户拉上卷帘/窗帘;The horse was～ing a heavy cart. 马拉着一辆沉重的车。The engine～ed the train up the hill. 机车牵引着火车爬上山坡。(child)～the toy along behind him (孩子)在身后拖着玩具;～the plug out 拔掉插头;～on/off one's shoes/one's socks 穿上/脱下自己的鞋/袜子;～the door open/shut 把门拉开/上;
 (2)拔(抽)出 (take sth from a fixed position or place; draw sth out) [T+n， T+n+adv]：～a cork/a stopper/a tooth 拔出瓶塞/拔出塞子/拔牙;～a revolver/a gun (on sb) 抽出左轮手枪/枪(对着某人);～a few onions for dinner 拔几棵洋葱做饭;P～(up) the weeds and give the flowers a chance. 拔掉杂草让花能长得更好。Why did you～up these young plants? 你为什么把这些小苗拔出来?～a pint of beer (从啤酒桶中)放出一品脱啤酒;～a chicken 给鸡净膛;〖同〗remove， withdraw; 〖反〗insert， plant;
 (3)划船(桨) (move a boat， etc by using oars) [I， I+prep(for)， T+n]： P～， boys!P～for the shore. 划呀，伙计们!划到岸边去。～(a boat) to the shore/an island (把船)划向岸边/一个岛屿;(boat)～for the shore (船)划向岸边;We～ed hard and reached the shore quickly. 我们使劲划船，很快就到了岸边。～away from the edge/toward the bank of the river 从岸边划开/向河岸划去;～a good oar 善于划船;
 (4)拉伤(damage sth by stretching it; strain or tear) [T+n]：～a ligament/a muscle/a tendon 拉伤韧带/肌肉/筋腱;〖同〗strain， stretch;
 (5) 1)拉(give a tug on sth) [I+prep(at/on)]：～at/on a rope 拉绳子;He～ed at the reins， but the horse refused to obey. 他拉了一下缰绳，但是马不听使唤。He～ed at the thread until it came out of the piece of cloth. 他把那根线一直从布里抽出来。2)喝(酒或其他液体) (take a long continuous drink of beer or other lquid from a bottle) [I+prep(at/on)]： He～ed at the bottle until he was satisfied. 他抱着酒瓶畅饮一番。3)抽(烟，烟斗) (draw smoke through a cigarette or pipe) [I+prep(at/on)]： He～ed at his cigarette. 他抽着香烟。The old man～ed thoughtfully at/on his pipe before replying. 老人抽着烟斗仔细思考后才作出回答。
 (6)开(开关等) (move (a switch， lever， etc) in order to cause an apparatus to work) [T+n]：～a switch/a trigger 把开关打开/扣动扳机;
 (7)犯罪(尤指偷窃)，耍花招 (succeed in doing (a crime， esp stealing) or in playing a (trick) on sb) [T+n] (sl) (尤AmE)： ～a bank 抢银行;He concluded that the same bandit probably had～ed all three holdups. 他断定三次拦路抢劫可能都是同一匪徒干的。～a trick/boner 耍花招/闹大笑话;
 (8)(使车)改变方向 ((cause a vehicle to) move sideways) [I， T+n]： The train～ed into the platform. 火车驶进站台。The car～ed out of the driveway. 汽车驶离了车道。The rowers～ed clear of the ship. 划船人避开了大船。(car) seem to be～ing to the right (汽车)好像正向右打斜;～a van to the left to avoid a dog 使车向左转避开一条狗;
 (9)(指马)习惯性地拉紧马嚼子 ((of a horse) struggle， esp habitually， against the metal bar that is fixed in its mouth to control it) [I];
 (10) 1)(在赛马中)故意要输而放慢速度 (hold back a horse in a race in order to avoid victory) [T+n]; 2)(在拳击比赛中要输而故意)不出拳 ((in boxing) hold back a blow being aimed with the intention of avoiding winning) [T+n];
 (11) 1)击(高尔夫球)偏左 ((in golf) hit the ball wrongly to the left) [T+n]; 2)(在板球赛中)将投过来的球打进或打向左外场 ((in cricket) strike the ball forward and to the left of the wicket by striking across the ball's path) [T+n];
 bring/pull sb up short/sharply 使某人突然停止： Our business in that country was doing very well until the political troubles～ed us up short and we had to leave. 我们在那个国家的生意一直很好，但政治动乱使我们突然停下来并且不得不离开。
 pull the carpet/rug (out) from under sb's feet 突然中止给予某人的支持，釜底抽薪 (infml)： I wanted to buy a house， but the firm I worked for～ed the carpet out from under my feet by dismissing me from my job. 我想买所房子，但是我工作的那家公司将我解雇了，一下子断了我的经济来源。
 pull a fast one (on sb) 耍花招占(某人的)便宜(infml)： The shopkeeper tried to～a fast one by selling low quality goods at high prices. 那个店主试图高价销售劣质商品来占便宜。
 pull sb's leg 开某人的玩笑，捉弄某人(尤指让其相信不真实的事)： “We thought people were～ing our legs when they first reported seeing him，” a police spokesman said yesterday. 警方发言人昨天说：“当人们第一次报告说看见他时，我们以为他们在和我们开玩笑。”
 pull the other one (—it's got bells on) 别骗我啦 (说话者认为别人在愚弄自己时所说的话)(infml)： “He's offered me twice as much money as I'm earning here.” “P～the other one， Tony. He's told me himself that he's dismissing workers， not employing new ones.” “他给我的工资是我在这里工资的两倍。”“别骗我啦， 托尼。他自己告诉我他正在解雇工人，不是雇佣新工人。”
 pull out all the stops 竭尽全力，尽最大的努力(infml)： We'll have to～out all the stops if we want to get home before dark. 如果我们想在天黑前到家就得竭尽全力。
 pull one's punches 故意约束自己的批评或攻击 (通常neg)(infml)： He wanted to know my honest opinion of his work， and he told me not to～my punches. 他想知道我对他工作的真实意见，他让我毫无保留地提出批评。
 pull rank (on sb) 利用职权，以权势凌人： I don't like to～rank (on you) but I think you ought to complete that work today. 我不喜欢以权压人，但我想你应该今天把那件工作做完。
 pull one's socks up 更加努力;端正自己的品行(infml)： I won't allow lazy students in this class; you'll have to～your socks up if you are to meet the expected standard. 我不允许本班学生懒惰，如果你们想达到规定的要求就必须更加努力。
 pull strings/wires (for sb) 运用影响力(帮助某人) (infml)： Jack～ed strings and got us a room at the crowded hotel. 杰克凭借关系为我们在人满为患的旅馆里找到一个房间。
 pull the strings/wires 在幕后操纵或影响： He's quite skilled at～ing the strings. 他极擅长在幕后操纵。
 pull oneself up by one's (own) bootstraps 依靠自己的力量取得成功(infml)： Look at the recently elected leader—a lady who has～ed herself up by her own bootstraps. 看看那位最近当选的领导人，一位完全依靠自己的努力取得成功的女士。
 pull up one's roots 离开久居之地到他乡谋生： I shall miss you if you go to live in another country， but don't expect me to～up my roots and join you there. 如果你去异国他乡生活我会想念你，但别指望我会背井离乡和你一起去。
 pull one's weight 尽本份，做好份内的工作： The car workers have been told directly by their boss：P～your weight. 汽车工人的老板直截了当地对他们说： 要尽职尽责。
 pull the wool over sb's eyes 欺骗(蒙蔽)某人 (infml)： an attempt to～the wool over the eyes of the working class 蒙骗工人阶级的企图;
 pull ahead (v adv) 领先(vi)： Let that fast car～ahead; I'd rather have such a driver in front of me than behind me. 让那辆速度快的汽车在前面开;我宁可让这样的司机在我前面而不是在我后面。
 pull back (v adv) (使)后退(撤) (vt & vi)： The mother～ed the child back from the flames just in time. 母亲及时将孩子从火边拉了回来。The soldiers were forced to～back. 士兵们被迫撤退。
 pull down (v adv) 1)(指疾病)使某人身体虚弱 (vt)(infml)： You look a bit～ed down. 你看上去有些虚弱。2)拆毁(建筑物)(vt)： The house was～ed down; it was too old for restoration. 那幢房子给拆了，它太旧了无法修复。3)挣(赚)钱(vt)： You can～down good wages at this factory. 你在这家工厂能挣大钱。
 pull in (v adv) 1)将(某人)抓到派出所，拘留(vt) (infml)： Two youths loitering near a supermarket were～ed in on suspicion. 两个在超级市场附近闲逛的年轻人被当作嫌疑犯抓进派出所。2)吸引(观众，支持者等) (vt) (infml)： The new film star is～ing the crowds in. 那位新影星吸引了很多观众。3)挣(赚)钱(vt) (AmE pull down) (infml)： He can～in $30，000 a year. 他每年能挣三万美元。4)(火车等)到达(进站) (vi)： As the train～ed in there was a rush to get seats. 火车一进站，人们就跑上去抢座位。5) (车船等)开向一(岸)边(vi)： The steamer～ed in towards the quay-side. 轮船驶向码头区。
 pull into (v prep) (火车等)到达，进站： The train is～ing into the station. 火车正在进站。
 pull off (v adv) 1)(车辆等)开到路边(vi)： There is a place five hundred metres ahead where we can～off and have a rest on our journey. 前面500米处有个地方， 我们可以靠边上休息一下。2)使成功(vt)(infml)：～off a coup/bank robbery/deal/plan 使政变/抢劫银行/交易/计划成功;
 pull off (v prep) 使(车辆等)开到路边：～off the road for a rest把车开到路边休息一下;
 pull out (v adv) 1) (车船等)驶向侧面(vi)： Suddenly the car in front of us～ed out and nearly caused an accident. 我们前面的汽车突然向一侧驶去，差点造成事故。2)(车船等)驶出站台(驶离码头)(vi)： The three-forty-five was～ing out as I ran into the station. 我跑进车站时，3：45的火车正在开出车站。3)抽(取)出(vt)： Putting her hand in her pocket， she～ed out a handkerchief. 她把手伸进口袋里掏出一条手绢。4)退出(vi)： The project became so expensive that they had to～out (of it). 那项计划太昂贵了，因此他们不得不退出。
 pull sb/sth out of sth 使退(撤)出：～soldiers out of the battle area 将军队撤出战场;
 pull over (v adv) 使(车船等)开到一边(vt & vi)： The traffic policeman asked the driver to～his car over to the side of the road. 交通警察让司机把车开到路边。When the fire engines came rushing down the street， all the cars～ed over to the side to let them pass. 当消防车沿街疾驶而来时，所有的汽车都驶向一边给它们让路。
 pull round/through (v adv) 使恢复知觉(健康)(vt & vi)： Loosen his clothes and give him a little brandy： that'll soon～him round. 解开他的衣服，给他喝点白兰地，这样马上就能使他恢复知觉。It will be several weeks before he～s through. 他得几周以后才能恢复健康。
 pull together (v adv) 1)通力合作，齐心协力(vi)： We must all～together or our business will fail. 我们必须通力合作，不然我们的企业就会失败。2)控制自己(的感情)(vt)： You have to～yourself together; your family depend on you. 你得控制自己，你们家都靠你啦。
 pull up (v adv) 1)(使)(车辆等)停下来(vt & vi)： The driver～ed the bus up only just in time to avoid hitting the old woman. 司机及时刹住公共汽车才没有撞着老太太。The car～ed up when the light turned red. 红灯亮时那辆汽车停了下来。2)纠正，责备(vt)： The director～ed Sam up for being late again. 主任责备萨姆又迟到了。
 pull up (to/with) (v adv) 改善，提高，赶上(其他人)(vt & vi)： You'll have to～your knowledge of Africa up for the interview. 你得增加有关非洲的知识以应付面试。Once he gets his breath， he'll soon～up to the leading runner. 他一旦喘过气来， 很快就会赶上领跑的人。
 →′pull-in n 路边咖啡店;′pull-up， AmE ′pull-off n 路边停车处;′pull-out n (杂志等)可取出单独保存的部分;附页;
 【辨异】pull与drag、draw、haul、tow和trail的区别见DRAG。