v (1)(使)磨(变)光滑(亮) ((cause the surface of sth to) be smooth and shiny by rubbing) [I， I+prep(with)， I+adv(up)， T+n， T+n+prep(with)， T+n+adv(up)]： This table doesn't～very well. 这张桌子不易擦亮。The wood～es easily. 这种木材容易打磨光亮。～the car/the glasses 擦亮汽车/眼镜;～the silver before the guests arrive 客人来以前将银器擦亮;～(up) furniture/shoes with a cloth 用布将家具/鞋擦光亮;〖同〗shine，smooth;

(2)修改，润色，使完美(improve sth; make sth more refined) [T+n](fig)：～a speech/an article 润色一篇讲话/文章;The speaker spent several days～ing her lecture. 演讲者花了几天时间字斟句酌地修改讲稿。His manners need～ing.他的举止有待改进。〖同〗perfect，refine，improve，correct;

polish off (v adv) 迅速完成(vt)(infml)：～off a job/a pile of letters/one's homework/a plateful of ham 迅速干完一件工作/看完一堆信/完成作业/吃光一盘火腿;

→′polished adj擦亮的，磨光的;有教养的，优雅的;′polisher n磨光机;磨光工;

n (1) 1)磨(擦)光亮的表面(shiny surface， etc produced by rubbing) [U， a～]： the～of the furniture 家具的光泽;a table-top with a good/a wonderful～很光滑的桌面;(hot plate) will spoil the～on the table (热盘子)会把桌面的光泽烫坏;buff/rub the floor to a high～把地板打磨得相当光滑;〖同〗shine，smoothness，brightness; 2)擦拭，打磨 (act of polishing) [U， a～]： give the floor/the glasses/the table top a good/thorough～仔细/彻底擦拭地板/眼镜/桌面; 3)擦拭(上光)剂 (substance used in polishing a surface) [U， C]： furniture/floor/shoe～家具上光蜡/地板上光蜡/鞋油;a tin of metal～一盒金属上光剂;apply～to sth 在某物上使用上光剂;use brown～on these shoes 这双鞋要上棕色鞋油;〖同〗wax，oil;

(2)教(修)养，文(优)雅;精雕细琢 (fine quality of manners or elegance; refinement) [U](fig)： a man of charm and～既有魅力又有教养的人;The mountain boy is rather rough. He lacks～. 那山里的孩子很粗野，缺少教养。Four years of college gave her considerable～. 四年的学院学习使她增加了不少修养。write/speak with～文章写得/话说得很优雅;〖同〗grace，culture，refinement，elegance，politeness