n (1)犁 (kind of large tool usu pulled by a tractor， horses， etc， used on a farm to turn and break up the soil) [C]： The farmer's tractor pulls a～through the soil to turn it over.农民的拖拉机拉着犁翻地。under the～(指土地)用于耕种(而不用于放牧);

(2)类似犁的工具或机械(any tool or machine that works like this) [C](尤用于合成词)： a snow-～(清除积雪的)雪犁;

(3)北斗七星 (group of seven bright stars， visible only from the northern part of the world) [C， the P～] (AmE Big Dipper)͵

(4)犁过的地，耕地(land that has been turned over with a plough) [U]： 200 acres of～ 200英亩犁过的地;

v (1)用犁翻耕(turn over (the earth) with a plough) [T+n， T+n+adv(up)]：～a field 犁地;All the fields are now～ed up， ready for the seeds. 所有的地都已翻好，可以播种了。

(2)(使)考试不及格 ((cause sb to) fail (an examination)) [I， T+n](BrE)(sl)：～one's finals 期终考试不及格;The examiners～ed more than one third of the candidates. 考官们让三分之一以上的投考者不及格。

plough a lonely furrow 孤独无援地工作： The few people who opposed the war were～ing a lonely furrow. 反对战争的少数几个人孤独地工作，无人支持。

plough back (v adv) 1)将秸秆或草等犁到地里化为肥料 (vt)： The farmer～ed the vegetable leaves lying on the field back to enrich the soil. 农民将地上的菜叶子犁到地里去肥田。2)将(利润)再投资(vt) (fig)：～back all the profits into increasing trade 将全部利润再投资发展贸易;

plough into (v prep) 撞上(vt)： The car turned over twice， left the road， and～ed into a fence. 汽车翻了两个个儿，离开了路面，撞在围栏上。

plough (one's way) through 1)费力通(穿)过：～(one's way) through the deep snow 费力地走过深深的积雪;2)缓慢吃力地做某事：～through legal text books/a pile of documents/mountains of work 很费力地读法律书籍/看一堆文件/做堆积如山的工作;

→′ploughman， AmE ′plowman n 扶犁的人，农夫;′ploughshare， AmE ′plowshare (亦作 share) n 犁铧(头)