n (1) 1)开拓者，拓荒者 (person who goes to a new， often uninhabited or uncivilized part of a country to live and work there) [C]： the～s of the American West 美国西部的开拓者;have a～spirit 具有开拓者的精神; 2)探索(险)者 (person who goes into previously unknown regions) [C]： a～in space 宇宙探索(险)者;

(2)先驱者，首创者(person who leads the way in a field of science， research， etc) [C]： a～in this field这一领域的先驱;a～in the auto industry/the modern medicine/the television design 汽车工业/现代医学/电视设计的先驱;a～of photography/penicillin/operation on the human heart 照相术/青霉素/人体心脏手术的首创者;～s of space travel 宇宙航行的先驱;～work 首创性的工作;a～method of adult education 成人教育的试验性方法;〖同〗forerunner，founder，establisher;

(3)先遣兵(队员) (any one of special group of soldiers who go forward to prepare the way for an army's advance， by clearing roads， building bridges， etc) [C];

v (1)开拓，拓荒 (act as a pioneer) [I]：～in the mountains 开拓荒山;

(2)开创(道路等) (open up a way， etc) [T+n]：～a new route to the valley 开辟一条通向山谷的新路线;

(3)首创，倡导(begin or help in the early development of) [T+n]：～a method/a new type of vehicle/a new technique/the modern micro processor 首创一种方法/一种新型车辆/一项新技术/现代化的微处理器;～a study 倡导一项研究;

→pio′neering adj 开拓的，探索的