| 单词 | by |
| 释义 | by2 /bai; bai/ prep .1 near; at or to the side of; beside: 靠近; 在…近旁; 在…旁边; 向…旁边 . Come and sit by me/by my side. 来坐在空的旁边。 My house is by the river. 企的家在河边。 We had a day by the sea. 我们在海边逼了一吏 by oneself, alone: . 独自地： He went for a holiday (all) by himself. 他独自一人去度假。 O 12 below. 参看下列第 12 义。 have sth by one, have it handy, within easy reach: 手边有某物; 把某物放在伸手可及处：五 's useful to have a good dictionary by you when you're reading. 当你在读书的时候, 手边放一本好字典是很有用的。 stand by sb, support him. 支持某人。 2 (in reading the cardinal points) towards: (另位读法) 偏向： North by East, one point towards the East from the North, ie between N and NNE: 正北偏东(即介于正北与北北东之间)： East by North, one point North of East, ie between E and ENE. T 东偏北(即介于正东与东北东之间)。 the illus at compass. 参看 compass 之插圆。 3 (showing direction of movement) (= by way of) through, along, across, over: (表示移动的方向)通过; 沿; 横过; 越过： We came by the fields, not by the roads. 我们经由田间而来，不是由大路而来。 Did you come by the nearest road? 你是由最近的路来的吗? We travelled to Paris by Dover and Calais. 我们经由多佛与加来而到巴黎。 4 past: 经过： I go by (=I pass) the post office every morning on my way to work. 我每天早晨上班都经论邮局。 He walked by me without speaking. 他从我身旁走过没有说话。 5 (of time, esp to indicate conditions and circumstances) during: (指时间，尤表示情况和环境)在…期间： The enemy attacked by night. 敌人乘夜简来袭。 (emphasizing the circumstances—under cover of darkness, etc. 强调环境一在黑暗等的掩护下。 Cf 参较 Everything was quiet during the night. 在夜间一切都是寂静的。) Do you prefer travelling by night or by day? 你喜欢在夜间旅行，还是白天旅行？' We went for a .sail on the lake by moonlight. 我们在月光下去湖上泛舟。 h's no use trying to escape by daylight. 在白善想逃跑是办不到的。 6 (of time) as soon as; not later than; when (the time indicated) comes: (指时间)一到; 不迟于; 当(某时候)到了： Can you finish the work by tomorrow? 你能在明天以前把工作做完吗? He ought to be here by this time / by now. 他此刻(现在)应该已经来到这里了。 They were tired out by evening. 他们到晚上疲倦极了。 By the time (that) you get there (that is almost always omitted) it will be dark. 等到你到达那里的时候，天会黑了 (此种用法的 that 几乎总被告略) 。 7 (to form adverbial phrases of time, length, weight, number) : (形成房间、长度、重量、数 1 日等之副词片语)： rent a house by the year; 按年租屋; hire a bicycle by the day, eg £5 for one day's use; 按日租脚踏车 (例如: 每日五 镑); engage a clerk by the month; 按月雇请办事员; pa a labourer by the day/the hour; 按日 (按小时) 件工人工资; sell cloth by the yard/coal by the ton/eggs by the dozen, etc; 论码资布 (论吨资煤; 论打资蛋等); freight charged by weight/volume; 按重量 (体积) 算运费的 (装在车船上的) 货物; room 20 ft by 30 ft. 长二十呎宽三十与的庁间。 8 through the agency, means, or instrumentality of: 由于…之作用、方法或工具; 借着; 由; 被： The streets are lighted by electricity. 街道用电照明。 This church was designed by Wren. 这座教堂是列恩设计的。 He makes a living by teaching. 他饰教书为生。 He was shot by a sniper. 他被狙击兵击毙。 The man was killed by a falling tree/ by lightning. 那人被倒下来的树打死 (被闪电殛毙) 。 (Note that by lightning is instrumentality, not instrument. 注意：砖电' 系一种作用，非工具。 Cf 参较 The rat was killed by Tom with a stick. 那只老鼠被汤姆用根打死。→ with ⑶ .) 9 (indicating path or means of travel, transport, conveyance) : (表示旅行、运输等之路线、工贝或方法)： travel by land/sea/ air; it] 陆路 (水路、航空) 旅行; by bus/car/boat, etc; 乘公共汽车 (汽车、船等); send sth by post/hand. 山邮局 (专差) 递送某物。 10 (indicating a part of the body that is touched, etc) : (表被接触等的身体之一部份)： take sb by the hand, ie take his hand; 抓着某人的手; seize sb by the hair; 抓住某人的头发; grab sb by the scruff of his neck. 抓住某人的颈背。 11 know/learn sth by heart, so that one can repeat it from memory. 谙记某事; 牢记在心; 能背出。 know sb by name/reputation/sight, know only his name, etc but not know him personally. 只知道某人的姓名 (名声，仅识某人之面) 。 12 (in adverbial phrases of manner) (用于表示方式或态度之副词片语初： by accident/mistake, accidentally, not on purpose or intentionally. 由于意外 (错误); 非有意。 by chance/good fortune, as the result of chance or good fortune. 由于机遇 (幸运) 。 by oneself, without help. 亲自; 痴自; 无他人帮助。 above. 参看上列第 1 义。 13 in accordance with; in agreement with: 根据; 依照： by request of my employer; 由于我的雇主的请求; by your leave, with your permission; 如果你许可的话; 请原谅; 恕我冒昧; 切 (the terms of) Article 3 of the Treaty. 根据条约之第 3 条 (之条攵) 。 14 according to: 根据; 依据; 按： judging by appearances; 就外表而论; by rights, rightly. 合疽地; 正当地; 正确地。 By my watch it is 2 o'clock. 按我的表，现在是两点钟。 That's nothing to go by. One should not form judgements by that. 那是不可作为根据遽下断语的。 15 to the extent of: 至…之程度： The bullet missed me by two inches. 那枪弹差两吋就击中我。 It needs to be longer by two feet. 它需要再 两呎。 He's too clever by half, much too smart. 他实在太聪明了。 → farJ (2). 16 (in oaths) as surely as I believe in: (用于誓营中) 如我对于伽信仰一样地确然： I swear by Almighty God that.... 我构全能而就发誓…。 He swore by all that he held sacred that.... 他对着他所崇奉为神圣的一切发誓 …。 17 (to express square or cubic measurement) : (表示平方或立方的度量)： a carpet 30 metres by 20 metres. 二十公尺长二十公尺宽的地毯。 18 (arith) (to express division, = divided by): (V 术) (表示除)： 15 by 3 is/equals 5. 15 除以 3 等于 5。 |
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