(1)包括，需要(include by necessity;require)[T+n，T+ing]：The plan～s the co-operation of both young and old. 这项计划需要老少通力合作。 Being a sailor～s long periods away from home. 当海员需要长期离家在外。Taking the job～s (my) traveling a great deal/living abroad. 做这份工作需要经常出差/住在国外。Housework～s cooking，washing dishes，sweeping and cleaning. 家务活儿包括做饭、洗碗和打扫房间。〖同〗 include，contain， comprise; 〖反〗exclude;

(2)涉及，牵涉(include or affect in its operation)[T+n]：a riot that soon～d thousands 很快有成千上万的人参加暴乱;a political dispute～ing six nations 涉及六个国家的政治争端; a matter～ing national security 涉及国家安全的事情;the problems/issues～d 涉及到的问题;This problem～s us all. 这个问题涉及到我们每个人。〖同〗implicate;

(3)使卷(陷)入，与……有牵连(draw in as a participant;bring into;be connected with)[C+n+prep(in)]：～sb in a quarrel/law suit使某人卷入一场争吵/官司;～a country in a war使一个国家卷入一场战争;get/be～d(～sb)in serious trouble/misfortune(使)某人陷入严重的麻烦/不幸之中;They are deeply～d in debt. 他们债台高筑。The young man was～d in the robbery/a crime. 那个年轻人与那件抢劫案/一件犯罪案有牵连。

(4)使专注(absorb)[C+n+prep(in)]：be heavily～d in working out a plan 专心制定计划;He was～d in reading the book all evening. 整个晚上他都在专心地读那本书。 be (become，get)～d with sb与……关系密切;

→in′volved adj 复杂的，不好懂的;有关联(系)的;in′volvement n 卷入，牵连