(1)建(设)立，开始实行(act of instituting or process of being instituted)[U]：the～of new rules/a new law新规则/新法律的制定;the～of customs风俗开始形成;the～of inquiry 开始调查;the～of savings banks in every city 在每个城市设立储蓄银行;The～of new taxes caused much anxiety. 新税制的实行引起人们很多忧虑。

(2)机构，学校(organization founded for a particular purpose，esp care of people or education)[C]：endow/support a charitable～资助/赞助一家慈善机构;educational/financial/business/trade-promoting～s 教育/金融/商业/贸易促进机构;state-supported～s of higher learning 由国家资助的高等院校;a mental～精神病院;become old and weak and have to be put into an～年老体弱，不得不被送到养老院;live in an～住在收容所;

(3)风俗，制度(custom;system)[C]：the～of marriage 婚俗;Our annual barbecue has become a local～. 我们每年举办的烤肉野餐已经成为本地的风俗。 political and social～s 政治及社会制度;the abolition of the～of slavery 奴隶制的废除;

→͵insti′tutional adj 机构的，风俗的，制度的;͵insti′tutionalize，-se v 使制度化或风俗化;insti͵tutionali′zation n 制度化，习俗化