(1)1)申请，请求(act of requesting formally and in writing)[U][N(to)(for)]：make～to the secretary向秘书提出申请;make～for a job/a post 申请工作/职位;make～at the counter 在柜台处申请;deny/refuse/approve sb's～for membership (passport) 拒绝/拒绝/批准某人的入会(护照)申请;〖同〗request;2)申请书(such a request)[C]：send/write/receive/have several～s for a job 寄/写/收到/收到数份工作申请书;an～form 申请表;file an～for divorce 提交离婚申请;fill out an～填申请表;

(2)1)涂(敷)用(act of putting or spreading sth onto or next to sth)[U，C][N(of)(to)]：The～of the medicine should be careful.敷用此药应小心。The cut needs an～of ointment three times a day.这伤口需每日涂三次软膏。order～(s) of ice to the forehead 吩咐用冰敷前额;lotion for external～only 仅供外用的敷剂;Three～s a/per day is necessary.每日必须上(药)三次。～of three coats of paint 涂三层油漆;a second～of varnish 再涂一层清漆;The～of this cream to your face is supposed to make you look younger.用这种膏擦脸会使人显得年轻。2)涂(敷)剂(substance，esp medicine，put or spread on)[C]：an～to relieve muscle pain 肌肉止疼敷剂;a liquid～水质敷药;get the～from the doctor 从大夫处得到这种外用药;An～made from wild plants quickly healed the wound.用一种野生植物制成的敷药很快治愈了伤口。The～is made of cold cream and ointment.这敷剂由冷霜和药膏制成。

(3)实施，生效(making (a rule，etc) operate or effect)[U]：the strict～of the law严格实施法律;They believed in the～of force.他们信奉使用武力。

(4)适用(合)(capacity of being useful or suitable for a particular purpose)[U，C][N(to)]：the～of a rule to a particular situation 一规则在一特殊情况下的使用;Geometry has practical～s.几何学有实际用途。

(5)专心，勤奋(careful and continuous attention or effort)[U]：The work demands close/great～.这项工作需要专心致志地去做。work with great～非常勤奋地工作;show～in one's study 在学习中勤奋努力;lack～to one's study学习不够专心;She has got a good job through/by sheer～.她完全靠勤奋得到了一份好工作。〖反〗inattention;

(6)应(运)用(act of making practical or active use of a theory，discovery，etc)[U，C][N(of) (to)]：the～of science to industry科学在工业上的应用;the practical～of scientific discoveries to industrial production methods 科学发现在工业生产方法中的应用;(new discovery) have an～(a variety of～s) in medicine (新发现)在医学上有(多种)应用;find an～(a variety of～s) of the new invention in industry 找到该项新发明在工业上的(多种)应用;the～of what one knows 运用自己的知识;

← ap′ply v;

【用法】application 当“申请，请求”(见(1))讲时，其后介词的用法与apply相同(见APPLY)。

【辨异】application 与effort都可表示出于一定目的的行为和花费的气力。application指持续的effort并且全神贯注;effort(努力)指投入精力以实现某一确定的目标，如：make an effort to control oneself(竭力控制自己);还有endeavour(努力，企图)和exertion(努力，用力)，前者指持续不断的effort以实现某个值得的但也是困难的目的，如：make every endeavour to pass one's examination(尽最大努力通过考试);后者指精力充沛的行为，通常没有明确的目的，如：out of breath from exertion(由于用力而气喘吁吁)。