(1) 1)历史学(study of events in the past concerning the rulers and government of a country，social and trade conditions)[U]：ancient/medieval/modern～古代/中古/近代历史;a～student 学历史的学生; 2)历史学科(course taught at school or university)[U]：adore/read～喜欢/读历史;have a degree in European～获欧洲历史学科的学位;H～is his main subject at college.历史是他大学中的主修学科。a～book/lesson/teacher 历史书/课/老师;

(2)历史，过去的事件(the record of past events)[U]：The 1860's were full of～.19世纪60年代历史事件迭出。in the～of the English language英语发展史中;in the course of the～of man在人类发展过程中;in Polish～在波兰历史中;

(3)史实的描述((written)account of past events，and developments，esp in a particular subject，period or place)[C]：write a new/short～of America 写一部新/短的美洲史;give sb a most wonderfully realistic～of French society 给某人就法国社会作一次非常实事求是的历史描述;～play 历史剧;

(4)病史;过去的经历((all the) things that happened in the past to a person，esp in medical or social terms，or in connection with sth)[C，通常sing]：have a(long)～of headaches/back trouble/crime(长期)头疼/背疼/犯罪;There is a～of coronary heart disease/madness in his family. 他的家族有冠状动脉心脏病/精神失常的病史。look at sb's medical～看一看某人的病历;study sb's case～ies 研究某人的病案史;tell sb of one's life～告诉某人自己的生活经历;have similar～ies of success 有相似的成功的历史;

(5)不再有关系、不再重要的事实(event in the past，esp one that has been forgotten or reduced in importance)[U](infml)： Their quarrel is～now.他们的争辩已成历史。That's ancient～.那是很久以前的事了。

go down in/make history 记入历史，载入史册：Neil Amstrong made～when he stepped on the moon.尼尔·阿姆斯特朗因登上月球而被载入了史册。

→his′toric adj 历史的;his′torical adj历史(上)的;

【辨异】story 与history的区别在于story(故事)是指一些有连贯性的事，可能发生或可能没有发生，如：She told the children a story.(她给孩子们讲了个故事。);history(历史)是指过去发生的真实事件，如：We studied history at school.(我们在学校学习历史。)