adj (1) 坚固(硬)的(unyielding to pressure;solid;hard)：Put the ladder on～ground. 将梯子放在坚实的地上。～soil/muscles (flesh) 坚硬的土壤/结实的肌肉;jelly that is not～enough 还没有凝结好的果冻;〖同〗stiff，hard，unbending，unyielding，solid;〖反〗 loose，soft;

(2) 稳(牢)固的(not easily shaken or moved;securely fixed in place)：～foundations 牢固的基础;a stool～enough to sit on 坐着很稳的凳子;a tree～in the earth 树牢牢地扎根于泥土之中;be on～ground 脚踏实地;在稳固的基础上;as～as rock 稳如磐石;〖同〗fast，secure，steady，stable;tight，immovable;〖反〗unsteady，unstable;

(3) 强有力的(strong and sure)：a～handshake/step 紧紧的握手/强有力的一步;in the～grasp of sb 牢牢地掌握在某人的手中;a～grip/hold 紧抓(握);

(4) 坚定(决)的(not changing;determined;resolute)：～principles 不可更改的原则;a～belief (in) (对……) 坚定的信仰;remain～in one's conviction 坚信;be～in purpose 意志坚定;give a～refusal 断然拒绝;He was quite～about not coming to my birthday party. 他坚决不来参加我的生日晚会。My mother was～in resolve not to move north. 我母亲坚决不同意迁居北方。〖同〗 steadfast，determined，resolved，persistent，decided，steady，inflexible，bent;〖反〗 unsteady，wavering，irresolute;

(5) 坚强(决)的 (steadfast or unwavering; not easily persuaded to change one's mind;decisive) [A(with)]：She looked very～. 她看上去很坚强。be～with one's children 严格要求孩子;

(6) (物价，货币等)稳定的，坚挺的(staying the same;stable;not lower than another currency in value) [A(against)] [通常作 pred]：The prices are～. 价格稳定。The pound remained/stayed～against the dollar. 英镑对美元保持坚挺。〖同〗settled，fixed，established;〖反〗unstable，unreliable;

→′firmly adv 坚定(固地);′firmness n 坚定(固);

adv 坚定地;牢固地(firmly;resolutely)：stand～不动摇;He held～to his beliefs/to his ideals/to his principles. 他坚定不移地保持自己的信仰/理想/原则。

v (1) (使)坚定(固，实)，(使)稳定(固) ((cause to) become firm;solidify) [I，I+adv(up)，T+n，T+n+prep(up)]：～quickly 很快凝固;The stock prices～ed up yesterday. 股票价格昨天稳定了下来。～up the price 稳定物价;～(up) the soil around a newly planted tree 将新栽树木周围的土夯实;

(2) 确认(put sth into a final fixed form)：～up a contract/an agreement 确认一份合同/协议;

【辨异】 firm与hard和solid 均可表示“坚硬(固)的”。firm 指坚硬或结实，不易弯曲，或因压榨变形，如：The athlete's muscles are firm. (那个运动员的肌肉很结实。) hard (硬的;结实、坚固的) 指表面坚固，不易挖掘，如：The ground is too hard to dig. (地面太硬挖不动。) solid (坚固的，结实的) 则表示某物的结构坚固、密度高，因而可以抵抗任何压力，如：build a house on solid ground (将房子建在坚硬的地上)。