| 释义 |
toprep.
1.towards对着，向着。
△ Ham. 1. 2. 95:“It shows a willmost incorrect to heaven.”这只表现一种违背天理的意志。
△1H. IV. 3. 1. 39 (38): “and the herds / Werestrangely clamorous to the frighted fields.”牛群怪叫着奔向受惊的田野。
△3H. VI. 5. 1. 78: “With whom an up-right zeal to right prevails / More than the nature ofa brother’s love.”在他，对于正义的正直热忱战胜了兄弟之爱的天然感情。
2. as far as,to the point of一直到…，到了 …的程度。
△H. V. 2. 3. 26 (24): “then I felt to his knees,and soup’ard and up’ard,and all was as cold as any stone.”接着，我一直摸到他的膝盖，然后往上、再往上摸，全都像石头一样冰凉。
△H.V. 5. 2. 59: “But grow like savages-assoldiers will / That nothing do but meditate onblood- / To swearing and stern looks,defused attire,/ And every thing that seems unnatural.” 而变得像野蛮人一样——就如那些除了把心思用在流血杀人上面就无事可干的大兵——以至于咒天骂地、见人狠狠瞪眼、乱穿衣服、切都乱了套。
3. with a view to以…为目的，着眼于…。
△ Oth. 1. 2. 55:“General,be advised; / He comes to bad intent. ”将军，要小心；他来意不善。
4. with the consequence of 结果造成。
△Ham. 1. 4. 38:“To his own scandal. ”结果弄得它声名狼藉。
5. in relation to 对于。
△Com. 1. 2. 35: “I,to theworld,am like a drop of water”，对于这世界来说，我就像一滴水。
6. relating to与…有关。
△2H.IV. 4. 1. 174 (172):“Andpresent execution of our wills / To us and to our pur-poses confined.” i. e. our demands relating to us andto our proposals defined with precision. 与我们和我们的建议有关的要求必须立即实现，这一点有了明确规定。
7. in comparison with,as compared with,to be com-pared to与…相比，和…比起来。
△Ado. 1. 1. 55 (54):“And a good soldier to a lady; but what is he to alord?” 在一位小姐面前，他是个好战士；但是在一位贵族面前他又是什么呢？
△Ado. 5. 1. 210 (201): “He is then a giantto an ape,but then is an ape a doctor to such a man.”和一个小丑比起来，他是个巨人；可是，和他比起来，一个小丑又是有学问的人了。
△Gent. 2. 4. 166 (165): “all I can isnothing / To her，”我所能做的事与她本身相比是微不足道的。
△Shr. 3. 2. 160 (157):“a fool to him.”跟他比起来真是个傻子。
△As. 3. 2. 99 (93): “Are but black toRosalind.”i. e. black as compared to Rosalind. 比起了罗萨琳都要显得黯然失色。
△Rom. 2. 4. 42 (39):“Laurato his lady was a kitchen wench”，劳拉比起他的情人来不过是个灶下丫头。
△Ham. 1. 2. 139:“So excellent a king,that was to this/ Hyperion to a satyr，”那样好的一位国王，与现在这个比起来，简直是太阳神比半人半羊怪。
△Ham.1.5.51: “a wretch whose natural gifts were poor/To those of mine!”他的天赋的才德与我相比不知要低多少倍！
△Mac. 3. 4. 64 (63): “Impostors to true fear”，i.e. Impostors when compared with true fear,i.e. not true fear. 和真的恐惧相比不过是虚假的东西；并不是真正的恐惧。
△1H.IV.3.3.128(114): “and for womanhood,Maid Marian may be the deputy’s wife of the ward tothee.”至于说妇道，玛丽安姑娘要跟你比起来蛮可以当这个区的副区长太太了 。
△2H.IV.4.3.55 (50):“if you do not all show like gilt twopences to me，”要是你们跟我比起来不像是镀金的两便士。
8. comparable to可与…相比。
△Gent.2.4.139(138):“There is no woe to his correction.”什么样的痛苦也不能与他的惩罚相比。
△1H.VI.3.2.25: “No way to that, for weakness,which she entered.”i.e.no other way can be compared to the one which she entered for weakness; it is the most weakly defended.再没有其他道路，在防守薄弱方面，可与她进入的这条路线相比。
9. in proportion to与…成正比。
△Rom.1.2.17: “My will to her consent is but a part；”只要她愿意，我的同意是没有问题的。
10. according to按照，根据。
△2H.IV.4.1.104 (102):“Construe the times to their necessities.” i.e. interprete the present times in the light of the conditions which govern them.只要根据必然趋势来解释这个时代。
11. into accord with,in accordance with同…相一致，符合。
△Ham.2.2. 587 (553):“Could force his soul so to his own conceit”，能使他的灵魂融化在他的意象里。
△Mac.2.3.64 ( 58 ): “ Of dire combustion and confused events/New hatched to the woeful time.”新近就要策划出与这苦难时世相一致的骇人骚乱和混乱事件
△Mac.3.3.4:“To the direction just.”完全符合原来的指令。
△1H.IV.3.1.123 (121 ): “Where being but young I frame to the harp / Many an English ditty lovely well，”我年轻时在宫里写过不少配上竖琴弹奏的英文歌曲，十分美妙。
12. with regard to,about,concerning对于，关于，有关。
△As.4.3.127(125): “But to Orlando: did he leave him there,/Food to the sucked and hungry lioness?”但是，且说奥兰多吧：他可把他撇在那里，给饿瘪了奶的母狮子做粮食了吗？
△Rom.4.1.34: “And what I spake ( =spoke),I spake it to my face.”(to my face:❶about my face;
❷openly)我说的话，指的是我自己的脸(双关：是公开说的)。
△Oth.3.3.135:“I am not bound to that all slaves are free to.”我却没有义务去做奴隶们也可自由选择的事。
△ 2H.IV.1.2.1: “what says the doctor to my water?”医生对于我的尿怎么说？
△H.VIII.1.2.145:“To this point hast thou heard him.At any time speak aught?”关于这一点，你可曾在什么时候听他说过什么吗？
13. even to即使对于。
△Mac.3.1.83 (82):“To half a soul and to a notion crazed”，即使对于一个只有半个灵魂或者精神癫狂的人。
14. with用。
△2H.IV. 3.2.13 (12): “Indeed,sir,to my cost. ”不错，先生，花我的钱上学。
15. with跟，和。
△Tw.3.4. 250 (226): “no man hath any quarrel to me.” 没人会有什么跟我争吵的理由。
△Ado.2.1.245 (236): “The Lady Beatrice hath a quarrel to you.”贝特丽丝小姐对你不满。
16. for,for the benefit of为了…
△H.V.5. Cho. 1.:“Vouchsafe to those that have not read the story,/ That I may prompt them；”为了有利于那些没有读过这段故事的观众，请允许我向他们提示几句。
△R.III. 1. 3. 314(313):“He is franked up to fatting for his pains.”由于他的辛苦，现在把他关在猪圈里养肥。
△L.L.L.4. 1. 102(99):“one that makes sport/ To the Prince and his book-mates.”这个人专为国王和他那些同学们逗乐取笑。
△Lr. 1.4.336 (311): “I cannot be so partial, Goneril,/To the great love I bear you，”高纳里尔，我可不能为了我对你的深厚情意，就这样偏心。
17. in the character of,as,for作为，当做。
△Gent.3.1.84: “Now therefore would I have thee to my tutor”，所以我现在要把你当做我的教师。
△Wiv.1.1.202(195):“we have a hot venison pasty to dinner.”我们今天有 一块滚热的鹿肉馅饼作为晚饭。
△Wiv.3.3.106(100):“having an honest man to your husband，”有这么一个好人做你的丈夫。
△As.5.4.140(133): “You to his love must accord,/Or have a woman to your lord.”你得要答应他的爱情，不然就要个女人做夫君。
△H.V.3.Cho.28:“Suppose the ambassador (i.e. Exeter) from the French comes back,/Tells Harry that the King doth offer him/Katherine his daughter,and with her,to dowry./Some petty and unprofitable dukedoms.”假想着使臣已经从法国人那里回来，告诉哈利法国国王提出了要把他的女儿凯瑟琳嫁给他，作为陪嫁的是几个小小的、没有什么油水的公国。
△H.V.3.7.64 (57): “I had rather have myhorse to my mistress.”我倒宁愿把我的马当做我的情妇。
△3H.VI.3.1.29: “And,as I hear,the great commanding Warwick /Is thither gone to crave the French king’s sister /To wife for Edward.”而且，我听说，那掌握大权的沃里克已经到那里去请求法国国王的姨妹做爱德华的妻子。
18. by靠，通过。
△Rom.1.1.193 (187): “to have it pressed/With more of thine.”i.e. by having it pressed with your griefs. 再用你的悲哀压在它（我的悲哀）上面。
19. before在…前面。
△2H.IV.3.1.64: “Yea,for my sake,even to the eyes of Richard/Gave him defiance.”i.e. openly defied Richard to his face. 是的，他为了我甚至当面对理查表示厌弃。
20. of
△Com.3.2.169 (163): “be guilty to selfwrong.”犯下对不起自己的过错。
△Ham.1.3.44:“Youth to itself rebels,though none else near.”i.e.Youth in its own nature is rebellious,and needs no tempter. 即使没有旁人诱惑，青春本身也会对自己造反。
21. in addition to除…之外。
△Mac.1.6.18: “For those of old,/ And the late dignities heaped up to them，”为了过去和最近迭加于我家的封赐。
△Mac.3.1.52(51): “And to that dauntless temper of his mind,/ He hath a wisdom that doth guide his valour / To act in safety.”而且除了他那无畏的心性之外，他还有智慧引导他的勇敢安全行事。
22. in opposition to,against反对，针对。
△Rom.3.5.215 (213):“and all the world to nothing”，i.e. I would bet the whole world against nothing; it is a safe bet.我拿全世界对零来跟你打赌，我拿一切来打赌。(按： to解为inproportionto. in comparision with，“比”，意思也通。)
△Lr. 4. 2. 74:“bending his sword/To his great mas-ter，”拔剑对准他的尊贵的主人。
△H.VIII.3. 2.92 (91 ):“the King / Does whet his anger to him.”国王要对他发脾气了。
△R.III.1.2. 239 (237): “And yet to win her! All the world to nothing!” i.e. though the odds are infinitely against me.而居然把她赢到手里！ 在对我大大不利的条件下！
23. against违背。
△Ham. 1. 2. 101:“Fie，’tis a fault toheaven,/ A fault against the dead,a fault to nature，”嘿，这种行径是违反了上天，违反了死者，违反了人之常情。
24. (used to indicate a stake in betting) against拿…跟…打赌。
△L. L. L. 5. 2. 561 (560): “My hat to a half-penny,Pompey proves the best Worthy.”我敢拿我的帽子和人赌半便士，庞培是最好的伟人。
△R.III. 1. 2 253(251):“My dukedom to a beggarly denier,/ I do mis-take my person all this while!”拿我的公爵爵位跟 一枚小铜币打赌，我倒是一直把我自己的相貌估计错了！
25. i. e. speak to对…说话。
△ Tw. 4. 2. 72 (66): “Tohim in thine own voice,and bring me word how thoufind’st him. ”用你自己的声音对他说话，再来告诉我他的情形怎样。
Phrases:
to and fro: for and against反复地。
△2H.vi. 1. 1. 92(91):“debating to and fro / How France and French-men might be kept in awe，”反复讨论如何把法国和法国人制服下去。
to boot: into the bargain. in addition,as well加之，此外，又。
△Mac. 4. 3. 37: “And the rich East to boot.”另外再加上富庶的东方。
△R.III.5. 3. 302 (301):“This,and Saint George to boot!” i.e. Saint George help us!这个，加上圣乔治对我们的保佑！
to it: ❶get down to business,to work,get to work动手做事，干起来，动手吧。
△3H. VI. 5. 4. 72:“Give signalto the fight,and to it,lords!”现在发出战斗信号，打吧，诸位！
❷along with it,to match it,in addition to it与它在一起，与…相配，除了它之外。
△R. III.3. 1. 116:“A grea-ter gift? O,that’s the sword to it.”更大的礼物？ 啊，那就是除了短刀再加一把长剑。
“To shallow rivers,to whose falls”： A fragment fromChristopher Marlowe’s “The Passionate Shepherd toHis Love”，a song very popular at the time. But SirHugh,in singing it,confused it with Psalm 137.
△Wiv.3.1.17-21,23-26 (休牧师所唱的是马洛的著名短歌片断，但他唱时加进了第137首《赞美诗》的句子。)
to ’t: ❶get to work干起来。
△Lr. 4. 6. 120 (117):“To ’t,luxury，”来吧，淫欲。
△Ham. 2. 2. 458 (429):“We’ll e’en to’t like French falconers,fly at anythingwe see.”我们就来吧，学一学法国的养鹰好手，无论见了什么都不放过。
△Oth. 3. 1. 16 (15):“If you have any musicthat may not be heard,to ’t again；” i.e. to play again. 要是你们有听不见的音乐，请再奏起来吧。
❷to it,tothe point; tell me. 说到点子上；说吧。
△Ham. 5. 1. 54(49):“To ’t again,come.”来，重新说过。
❸to it,i.e.besides此外，而且。
△H. VIII. 1. 3. 14: “Their clothesare after such a pagan cut to’t ( = it)，”他们的穿戴也仿效着异教徒的款式。
to the purpose: worth mentioning,of importance 值得提起，关系重要。
△Rom. 2. 4. 46 (42):“Thisbe a greyeye or so,but not to the purpose.”提斯比也许有双眼睛，但也不值一提。
to us: as to us,as far as we are concerned至于我们。
△2H. IV. 1. 3. 69: “To us no more,nay,not somuch,Lord Bardolph，”至于来打我们的不过这么多，不，还没有这么多，巴道夫勋爵。
to wit: that is to say,namely那就是说，即。
△As. 5. 1.58 (52):“or,to wit,I kill thee，”或者，换句话说，我要杀你。 |